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Introduction to the Endocannabinoid System

Dustin Sulak, DO

"As you read this review of the scientific literature regarding the therapeutic effects of cannabis and cannabinoids, one thing will become quickly evident: cannabis has a profound influence on the human body. This one herb and its variety of therapeutic compounds seem to affect every aspect of our bodies and minds. How is this possible?

At our integrative medical clinics in Maine and Massachusetts, my colleagues and I treat over 18,000 patients with a huge diversity of diseases and symptoms. In one day I might see cancer, Crohn's disease, epilepsy, chronic pain, multiple sclerosis, insomnia, Tourette's syndrome and eczema, just to name a few. All of these conditions have different causes, different physiologic states, and vastly different symptoms. The patients are old and young. Some are undergoing conventional therapy. Others are on a decidedly alternative path. Yet despite their differences, almost all of my patients would agree on one point: cannabis helps their condition.

As a physician, I am naturally wary of any medicine that purports to cure-all. Panaceas, snake-oil remedies, and expensive fads often come and go, with big claims but little scientific or clinical evidence to support their efficacy. As I explore the therapeutic potential of cannabis, however, I find no lack of evidence. In fact, I find an explosion of scientific research on the therapeutic potential of cannabis, more evidence than one can find on some of the most widely used therapies of conventional medicine.

At the time of updating (February 2015), a PubMed search for scientific journal articles published in the last 20 years containing the word "cannabis" revealed 8,637 results. Add the word "cannabinoid," and the results increase to 20,991 articles. That's an average of more than two scientific publications per day over the last 20 years! These numbers not only illustrate the present scientific interest and financial investment in understanding more about cannabis and its components, but they also emphasize the need for high quality reviews and summaries such as the document you are about to read.

How can one herb help so many different conditions? How can it provide both palliative and curative actions? How can it be so safe while offering such powerful effects? The search to answer these questions has led scientists to the discovery of a previously unknown physiologic system, a central component of the health and healing of every human and almost every animal: the endocannabinoid system.

What Is The Endocannabinoid System?

The endogenous cannabinoid system, named after the plant that led to its discovery, is perhaps the most important physiologic system involved in establishing and maintaining human health. Endocannabinoids and their receptors are found throughout the body: in the brain, organs, connective tissues, glands, and immune cells. In each tissue, the cannabinoid system performs different tasks, but the goal is always the same: homeostasis, the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite fluctuations in the external environment.

Cannabinoids promote homeostasis at every level of biological life, from the sub-cellular, to the organism, and perhaps to the community and beyond. Here's one example: autophagy, a process in which a cell sequesters part of its contents to be self-digested and recycled, is mediated by the cannabinoid system. While this process keeps normal cells alive, allowing them to maintain a balance between the synthesis, degradation, and subsequent recycling of cellular products, it has a deadly effect on malignant tumor cells, causing them to consume themselves in a programmed cellular suicide. The death of cancer cells, of course, promotes homeostasis and survival at the level of the entire organism.

Endocannabinoids and cannabinoids are also found at the intersection of the body's various systems, allowing communication and coordination between different cell types. At the site of an injury, for example, cannabinoids can be found decreasing the release of activators and sensitizers from the injured tissue, stabilizing the nerve cell to prevent excessive firing, and calming nearby immune cells to prevent release of pro-inflammatory substances. Three different mechanisms of action on three different cell types for a single purpose: minimize the pain and damage caused by the injury.

The endocannabinoid system, with its complex actions in our immune system, nervous system, and all of the body's organs, is literally a bridge between body and mind. By understanding this system we begin to see a mechanism that explains how states of consciousness can promote health or disease.

In addition to regulating our internal and cellular homeostasis, cannabinoids influence a person's relationship with the external environment. Socially, the administration of cannabinoids clearly alters human behavior, often promoting sharing, humor, and creativity. By mediating neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity, and learning, cannabinoids may directly influence a person's open-mindedness and ability to move beyond limiting patterns of thought and behavior from past situations. Reformatting these old patterns is an essential part of health in our quickly changing environment.

What Are Cannabinoid Receptors?

Sea squirts, tiny nematodes, and all vertebrate species share the endocannabinoid system as an essential part of life and adaptation to environmental changes. By comparing the genetics of cannabinoid receptors in different species, scientists estimate that the endocannabinoid system evolved in primitive animals over 600 million years ago.

While it may seem we know a lot about cannabinoids, the estimated twenty thousand scientific articles have just begun to shed light on the subject. Large gaps likely exist in our current understanding, and the complexity of interactions between various cannabinoids, cell types, systems and individual organisms challenges scientists to think about physiology and health in new ways. The following brief overview summarizes what we do know.

Cannabinoid receptors are present throughout the body, embedded in cell membranes, and are believed to be more numerous than any other receptor system. When cannabinoid receptors are stimulated, a variety of physiologic processes ensue. Researchers have identified two cannabinoid receptors: CB1, predominantly present in the nervous system, connective tissues, gonads, glands, and organs; and CB2, predominantly found in the immune system and its associated structures. Many tissues contain both CB1 and CB2 receptors, each linked to a different action. Researchers speculate there may be a third cannabinoid receptor waiting to be discovered.

Endocannabinoids are the substances our bodies naturally make to stimulate these receptors. The two most well understood of these molecules are called anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). They are synthesized on-demand from cell membrane arachidonic acid derivatives, have a local effect and short half-life before being degraded by the enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL).

Phytocannabinoids are plant substances that stimulate cannabinoid receptors. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, is the most psychoactive and certainly the most famous of these substances, but other cannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) are gaining the interest of researchers due to a variety of healing properties. Most phytocannabinoids have been isolated from cannabis sativa, but other medical herbs, such as echinacea purpura, have been found to contain non-psychoactive cannabinoids as well.

Interestingly, the cannabis plant also uses THC and other cannabinoids to promote its own health and prevent disease. Cannabinoids have antioxidant properties that protect the leaves and flowering structures from ultraviolet radiation - cannabinoids neutralize the harmful free radicals generated by UV rays, protecting the cells. In humans, free radicals cause aging, cancer, and impaired healing. Antioxidants found in plants have long been promoted as natural supplements to prevent free radical harm.

Laboratories can also produce cannabinoids. Synthetic THC, marketed as dronabinol (Marinol), and nabilone (Cesamet), a THC analog, are both FDA approved drugs for the treatment of severe nausea and wasting syndrome. Some clinicians have found them helpful in the off-label treatment of chronic pain, migraine, and other serious conditions. Many other synthetic cannabinoids are used in animal research, and some have potency up to 600 times that of THC.

Cannabis, The Endocannabinoid System, And Good Health

As we continue to sort through the emerging science of cannabis and cannabinoids, one thing remains clear: a functional cannabinoid system is essential for health. From embryonic implantation on the wall of our mother's uterus, to nursing and growth, to responding to injuries, endocannabinoids help us survive in a quickly changing and increasingly hostile environment. As I realized this, I began to wonder: can an individual enhance his/her cannabinoid system by taking supplemental cannabis? Beyond treating symptoms, beyond even curing disease, can cannabis help us prevent disease and promote health by stimulating an ancient system that is hard-wired into all of us?

I now believe the answer is yes. Research has shown that small doses of cannabinoids from cannabis can signal the body to make more endocannabinoids and build more cannabinoid receptors. This is why many first-time cannabis users don't feel an effect, but by their second or third time using the herb they have built more cannabinoid receptors and are ready to respond. More receptors increase a person's sensitivity to cannabinoids; smaller doses have larger effects, and the individual has an enhanced baseline of endocannabinoid activity. I believe that small, regular doses of cannabis might act as a tonic to our most central physiologic healing system.

Many physicians cringe at the thought of recommending a botanical substance, and are outright mortified by the idea of smoking a medicine. Our medical system is more comfortable with single, isolated substances that can be swallowed or injected. Unfortunately, this model significantly limits the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids.

Unlike synthetic derivatives, herbal cannabis may contain over one hundred different cannabinoids, including THC, which all work synergistically to produce better medical effects and less side effects than THC alone. While cannabis is safe and works well when smoked, many patients prefer to avoid respiratory irritation and instead use a vaporizer, cannabis tincture, or topical salve. Scientific inquiry and patient testimonials both indicate that herbal cannabis has superior medical qualities to synthetic cannabinoids.

In 1902 Thomas Edison said, "There were never so many able, active minds at work on the problems of disease as now, and all their discoveries are tending toward the simple truth that you can't improve on nature." Cannabinoid research has proven this statement is still valid.

So, is it possible that medical cannabis could be the most useful remedy to treat the widest variety of human diseases and conditions, a component of preventative healthcare, and an adaptive support in our increasingly toxic, carcinogenic environment? Yes. This was well known to the indigenous medical systems of ancient India, China, and Tibet, and as you will find in this report, is becoming increasingly well known by Western science. Of course, we need more human-based research studying the effectiveness of cannabis, but the evidence base is already large and growing constantly, despite the DEA's best efforts to discourage cannabis-related research.

Does your doctor understand the benefit of medical cannabis? Can he or she advise you in the proper indications, dosage, and route of administration? Likely not. Despite the two largest U.S. physician associations (American Medical Association and American College of Physicians) calling for more research, the U.S. Congress prohibiting federal interference in states' medical cannabis programs, a 5,000 year history of safe therapeutic use, and a huge amount of published research, most doctors know little or nothing about medical cannabis.

This is changing, in part because the public is demanding it. People want safe, natural and inexpensive treatments that stimulate our bodies' ability to self-heal and help our population improve its quality of life. Medical cannabis is one such solution. This summary is an excellent tool for spreading the knowledge and helping to educate patients and healthcare providers on the scientific evidence behind the medical use of cannabis and cannabinoids."

The benefits of cannabis oil

As cannabis has been subject to legal restrictions in most countries across the world, its reputation as a game-changing drug has been slightly tainted. The benefits of cannabis oil are overshadowed by stories of abuse, addiction and adverse effects.

Proponents of Cannabis Oil claim multiple health benefits

However, the cannabis plant is remarkable in many ways, not least for its medicinal benefits. The compound derived from the plant – cannabidiol (CBD) is only recently being discussed seriously be the medical profession as an extremely promising new drug which seems to be having hugely positive effects of a number of severe illnesses and diseases.

There have been a number of fear mongering campaigns, a lot of misinformation and scare stories surrounding cannabis. The truth is, if used correctly, CBD has the chance to change the lives of millions of people around the world.

As already seen in this blog, CBD has been used to treat muscles spasms and fits associated with multiple sclerosis and epilepsy as well as a range of other neurological muscle disorders. What’s more, the effects can be instant – even after the patient has been a course of other, less effective drugs.

CBD has also been studied in its ability to ‘turn off’ the gene responsible for metastasis in aggressive forms of cancer.

A cannabis clinician, Dr William Courtney, has papers showing that cannabinoids can prevent cancer, reduce heart attacks by 66% and insulin dependent diabetes by 58%.

One of the most common reasons for using cannabis is its pain relief properties. By taking the extracted CBD, the user can choose to avoid consuming THC – the psychoactive property which gives the user the high that they experiencing when smoking normal cannabis, for example. While this high is largely harmless, it can be off-putting for patients who would prefer to not experience the side effects.

From the amount of research that has been carried out so far – and from the testaments of individuals suffering from various illnesses – CBD may help with the following:

1 Bone Fracture Healing
2 Breast Cancer
3 Chronic Pain
4 Depression
5 Diabetes
6 Epilepsy
7 Rheumatoid Arthritis
8 Schizophrenia

While more studies need to be carried out in order for cannabis to be more accepted by the medical community, the wealth of stories available to read and watch on the internet from ordinary people with no agenda will be enough for anyone to start taking this drug more seriously.

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CBD oil and cancer treatment movie produced to challenge pharmaceutical industry

A group called Bud Buddies has produced a film which investigates the relationship with CBD oil and cancer.

Bud Buddies is a non profit venture which was originally founded by Jeff Ditchfield in 2002. They set out to supply cannabis free of charge to people suffering from genuine illness, however they were forced to close down by a court order in 2007.

During their operations, Jeff and his organisation would require patients to provide a doctor’s note and were vetted on the severity of their condition before they were accepted. Even though the organisation had always operated as a not-for-profit venture that is operated out of medical necessity, however, Jeff was prosecuted in 2007 for supplying cannabis.

After a long and protracted court case, Jeff was found not guilty by a jury of his peers. However, the case was taken to the Court of Appeal in London and he was found guilty despite the jury’s previous verdict.

This effectively shut down the organisation and patients who relied on cannabis medication were forced to return to prescription pharmaceutical drugs or purchase cannabis on the black market from dealers.

After the court case was over Bud Buddies turned their focus on spreading their message and so in April 2013, they produced a film which set out to provide an educational resource by investigating both the scientific research and anecdotal evidence behind the increasing number of claims that cannabis can treat cancer.

Watch Project Storm, their film, here: 

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Can organic CBD Oil help those who suffer from chronic anxiety?

Can organic CBD Oil help those who suffer from chronic anxiety? Recent studies put the stats at 1 in 10 likely to acquire the mental health condition at some stage in our lives. Anxiety can be crippling, negatively affecting all aspects of daily life from work to family. Many suffer in silence and some turn to prescription medications, which can be helpful but often are addicting with serious side effects that eventually exacerbate the anxiety you feel.

There is a call for alternative options for those struggling. But what many people don’t realise is that a compound from marijuana could help some people manage their condition without powerful medication. Cannabidiol, or CBD, is a derivative of cannabis that has no psychoactive properties (it won’t get you high) but has enormous benefits. Research backed as a proven immune system booster, it is quickly becoming the gold standard product in the natural pharmaceutical industry.

While there has not been a massive amount of research done on the subject of organic CBD oil being beneficial for anxiety, leading neurologist Professor Michael Barnes points out that at least four studies suggest that CBD products can aid in reducing debilitating anxiety. “It’s worth pointing out that CBD itself is not illegal. You can buy it quite openly over the internet. And it appears to be a remarkably safe drug. But I don’t think doctors know much about it so they don’t know to recommend it yet.”

My Daily Choice Hempworx offer a variety of products containing raw 100% organic CBD oil, quality assured and third-party tested by an independent laboratory to ensure only the most superior composition. We recommend that you conduct your own research of course, but the testimonials from satisfied customers and organic CBD oil consumers speak for themselves.

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Did you know inside the human body there’s the endocannabinoid system, with receptors spread throughout the brain and body???

CBD oil gives those receptors new life. Did you know that CBD could possibly change their condition?? Why suffer when there is something that might help?

Our Herbal CBD OIL Drops have helped me personally so much. I know they will also help you ! 

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CBD Oil For Fibromyalgia

It has been commonly accepted that Fibromyalgia affect people that have a very low pain threshold and are therefore particularly sensitive to pain. People diagnosed with this condition usually also suffer from migraines, IBS and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Everything taken into consideration, a fibromyalgia diagnosis is not exactly a death sentence, but it has the same effect on the psyche as a life imprisonment would have when the odds of being released are fairly low.

We also know that the body has a pain-regulating system that responds to numerous Cannabinoids found in plants such as Cannabis and Echinacea. This system, the Endocannabinoid system, contains receptors that respond to Cannabidiol or CBD.

Receptors in the Endocannabinoid system is found in the immune system, the central nervous system and bone structure. It has receptors that respond to certain substances, and CBD interacts with these receptors, and potentially provides relief to unpleasant symptoms.

According to Dr Allen Frankel CBD can help you obtain relief from pain by binding to so-called microglial cells, thereby enacting a reduced cytokine count and subsequently reducing pain in people that suffer from fibromyalgia. Microglial cells have recently been pointed out as a potential pain, inflammation and severe fatigue inducing cause.

CBD as a possibility

Knowing all of these things, and also considering the fact that many side effects await the fibromyalgia sufferer who is being treated with pharmaceutical drugs such as opioid pain medication, anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroids, etc. the question remains.

In view of the fact that CBD features all of these possibilities (actually probabilities) for providing relieve in the event that someone suffers from severe fibromyalgia, does it not make sense that such a patient should at least give CBD the opportunity to show its worth as a treatment for their condition?

Obviously we cannot provide the answer to everyone openly, but nothing stops us from providing the facts and information gained from books, by people and the internet.

We sometimes also get the chance to converse with someone who repeats a purchase. Upon asking such a person why they buy the same product again, the usual answer is that they have experienced a very positive result with CBD as a treatment for Fibromyalgia. CBD Oil Reviews

Reducing pain and inflammation are two of the more commonly accepted therapeutic benefits of CBD, and our repeat customers usually go on to say that the perpetual debilitating pain caused by their condition has either been significantly reduced since the onset of their treatment with CBD, or it has completely disappeared and it stays away for the entire time that the Cannabidiol (CBD) remains in their body.

• How does CBD work
• CBD Oil for Pain
• The Benefits of CBD
• What is CBD

Fibromyalgia Sufferer’s Endocannabinoid system is deficient?

Can the presence of Fibromyalgia be explained by the fact that a sufferer’s Endocannabinoid system is deficient?

The Endocannabinoid system is a complex network consisting of receptors and Cannabis-like chemicals. When the system functions as it should, it successfully regulates sleep, pain, inflammation, appetite, immune system, mood, and reproduction.

Sometimes when this system does not operate as it should, it is called Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency. When this happens, everything goes wrong in your body that can go wrong and it usually manifests in inexplicable pain, mood swings, etc.

Fibromyalgia is consistent with the symptoms caused by such a deficiency, and could very well be the reason for the condition, in which case it would be obvious that the presence of fibromyalgia can be explained by a deficient Endocannabinoid system, and that by using CBD as a treatment, symptoms will be diminished and even eliminated.

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What is CBD (Cannabidiol)?

What is CBD (Cannabidiol)?

The first question asked by someone new in the Cannabis industry, naturally, is “What is Cannabidiol (CBD)?” Cannabidiol is a natural food supplement derived from Cannabis. It is fairly new on the market, it is still under research. A lot of doubt, misinformation and confusion surrounds the atmosphere around CBD.

Cannabidiol oil has been accepted as a means of relaxation, and its popularity is steadily on the increase. The use of CBD hemp oil being very new, there is still much to be learned about its effects. CBD oil’s precise benefits are still a subject that is debatable, but we can confidently state that Cannabidiol is completely safe, and legal to use. 

In this article you will read about the benefits of CBD, where it is derived from and its legal status.

What Are the Benefits of CBD?

The successful use of Cannabidiol to relax you and induce a calm state of mind has been widely reported. Chemically, it’s strong antioxidant properties has to date been widely ignored by the broader food supplements industry. Note that each individual may react differently to CBD, so it is advisable to research CBD before you use it. 

Where Does CBD Come From?

CBD hemp oil is derived from certain Cannabis varieties known as Hemp. Representing 40% of all Cannabis extracts, it is the second most abundant of 85 chemicals known as Cannabinoids, that are all present in Cannabis plants. Unfortunately, however, the most intoxicating part of Cannabis known as THC, which is responsible for the so-called “high” that brought about its popularity among Marijuana users, is also the most abundant

The stigma that was caused by THC has also stuck to Cannabidiol, even though extracted CBD cannot get you “high” at all. This is largely because of the terminology surrounding CBD. The saying that “a first impression lasts” holds true I the case of Cannabidiol as well.

People should be educated to understand that smoking Hemp that is high in CBD and contains but traces of THC cannot get you high. Neither can CBD hemp oil products, which contain virtually no THC at all. CBD is extracted in oil form. It can sometimes also be found in various concentrations in Hemp oil extracts.

Is Cannabidiol Legal?

Being legal globally, Cannabidiol is a controlled substance only in Canada. Its misunderstood status results largely from misinformation because there is too little known about CBD, and because of its resemblance to THC. The controlled status of CBD was largely due to the fact it was believed that Cannabidiol was a precursor to the formation of THC. Only as recently as the 1980’s did scientists discover that CDB is actually completely unrelated to the formation of THC. CBD has since been declared a legal cannabinoid and is safe to consume in any amount and concentration. 

Cannabidiol Definitions

Because of widespread confusion, we would like to explain to you certain terms related to Cannabidiol:

• Cannabis is a flowering plant that consist of three distinct variations, i.e.: Cannabis Ruderalis, Cannabis Indica, and Cannabis Savita. Strict regulations around Cannabis cultivation exist as a result of it having been used as a recreational drug for the high THC level in certain varieties. However, Cannabis can be utilized for its sturdy fibrous consistency, its richness in nutrients and its medical properties.

• Hemp – Hemp is a Cannabis Sativa Strain that includes the high-growing varieties that are grown specifically for fibre, oil, and seeds that are refined into various products such as fuel, paper, hemp oil, pulp, wax, rope and resin.

• Cannabinoids– A large variety of chemical substances that share similar properties. Most are derived from Cannabis, but some are also artificially created. Some are classified as illegal drugs, while other are well known for their soothing ad relaxing properties.

• CBD– A natural cannabinoid, the second most abundant of Cannabis, although having bee legal for a long time, it still remains in the shadow of THC.

• THC– The most abundant substance in Cannabis. A strongly psychoactive cannabinoid, THC is responsible for getting “high” from smoking marijuana.

• Psychoactive– Meaning that a chemical substance can cross the blood/brain barrier to directly affect the central nervous system. Some of these substances have medical applications (anaesthetics, psychiatric drugs, etc.) while others are used for recreation only. The latter group are addictive and cause dangerous side effects.

• Intoxicating– Meaning that a substance is habit forming, and can cause you to lose control of yourself. Almost all illegal drugs are considered intoxicating, although at a global scale alcohol is considered to be the most intoxicating of all drugs. Intoxication can take place by directly affecting the brain (psychoactive) or by damaging your body (through toxicity, hence the term).

What Makes CBD Different

Even as a new product in a world of a great many supplements, CBD excels as in modern society as naturally calming and soothing, and more properties are being researched. Many people are becoming accustomed to the benefits of CBD products. To find whether you can benefit from these products, we encourage you to do your own research.

CBD vs THC: What is the Difference?

Cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are found naturally in hemp. CBD and THC interact with specific cells mainly in our brains (but also in other organs). These substances are inherently similar, and both have a wide range of applications. Until recently, even scientists believed that CBD and THC were in fact the same substance.

The two substances differ widely enough for THC to be classified as a federally controlled psychotropic drug, while Cannabidiol is considered legal and safe globally. Read under the following few headings simple and objective explanations about the differences between the two substances:

CBD vs THC in Clinical Application

• CBD and THC interact with body cells by activating the cannabinoid receptors. By transmitting signals throughout our bodies, these receptors cause different physiological effects. Some cannabinoids are beneficial to us, while others cause undesirable psychotropic effects in our bodies such as “highs” or depression. Some of these substances cause both. There are as yet no studies that show undesirable effects from Cannabidiol, which is why it is legal worldwide. However, many studies show that CBD causes only desirable effects or no effects at all. Certain studies also show that CBD protects against the negative effects of THC. Note that a whole lot of research on Cannabidiol is still in the pipeline.

• THC, being the first phytocannabinoid discovered, has been much more extensively researched than CBD. THC is strongly psychoactive and because of its ability to alter your behaviour and lose control of what you do it is a popular illegal drug. However, having been shown to be effective as a moderate-strength analgesic, THC has desirable medical applications. It is also a mild pain relief medicine, and can effectively treat symptoms of “serious” diseases such as AIDS and cancer. THC have therefore been legalized for medical purposes. Medical marijuana is safe when prescribed by a doctor and can improve the quality of life for many people suffering from serious and/or chronic diseases.

What Do Scientists Say?

CBD is safer than THC for a number of reasons. Certain studies found a link between THC and psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, depression, and psychosis. Note however, that this does not prove that THC definitely does cause these conditions.

CBD is considered to have wider applications than THC. Cannabidiol studies began only recently, while THC studies have been more or less completed because of studies on medical marijuana, therefore scientists assume that CBD has a lot still to be discovered.

CBD or THC?

This debate often surfaces in circles of Cannabis users, mainly originating from misinformation. Based on what we know, we state that CBD and THC are too different to compare them directly. THC can be abused while Cannabidiol is safe because of no recreational properties. Many users say that CBD is “useless” because it cannot get them “high.”

THC cannot be labelled as bad when it has so many medical benefits, and you cannot blindly trust CBD because too little of it known. It would be a shame not to explore all the properties of each of these substances, since so many people can benefit from further studies on each of them.

Learn more about CBD and THC

How Does CBD Work?

“How does CBD work?” Well, it’s no surprise that it does work, but many people want to know “how,” and the real reason might surprise you.

To begin with, you should know the basics of what Cannabidiol is, but first be reminded what a cannabinoid is:

What is a Cannabinoid?

In a nutshell cannabinoids substances contained in the Cannabis plant, including Cannabidiol (CBD), THC and a whole lot of others. CBD and THC are phytocannabinoids, meaning that they are derived from plants. Other types of cannabinoids include endocannabinoids (produced in the body) and synthetic cannabinoids manufactured in laboratories. Each type of cannabinoid interacts with the body in a different way.

So how does CBD work with your body?

Our Cannabinoid Receptors and the Endocannabinoid System

Surprisingly, there are parts of your body, called cannabinoid receptor sites, specifically made for cannabinoids. They consist if the endocannabinoid system, responsible for various naturally occurring physical and mental processes. This system includes certain specialized cell receptors in the brain and other organs.

These receptors are divided into two types, CB1 and CB2. CB1 receptors are mainly in the brain, liver, kidneys and lungs. CB2 receptors are mainly in the immune system. Cannabinoids actually bind with these receptors to regulate various functions in the body.

What Types of Effects Can Cannabinoids Have on the Body?

There is a wide variety of cannabinoids. Even within phyto-cannabinoid there are wide ranges of compounds & effects that are still being researched. Some cannabinoids co-operate with one or both CB receptors causing various effects. Other cannabinoids, like CBD, have fewer direct effects on the endocannabinoid system.

External vs. Internal Cannabinoids

Endocannabinoid system works mainly with the body’s own internally produced cannabinoids. For example, arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) is thought to regulate several functions.

It is however difficult to distinguish between the clinically desirable and undesirable effects of phyto-cannabinoids, since cannabinoid receptors send a variety of signals that often interconnect to regulate body functions. CB1 receptors send signals that regulate senses, while cannabinoids that co-ordinated with CB2 receptors can at the same time affect responses from your gut ad also your nervous system.

How Does Cannabidiol Work?

CBD is unique as far as cannabinoids go. It does not seem to interact either CB1 or CB2 receptors. So what does it do? Cannabidiol acts as an antagonist of the receptors’ agonists, meaning that it keeps the receptors working optimally, and helps all other cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids, to function correctly.

What Effects Does CBD Have?

Most of CBD’s observed effects are well explained, but scientists are still trying to establish how some effects take place. The most possible explanation is that some interactions still need to be discovered.

Conclusions

Unlike other cannabinoids, Cannabidiol interacts very mildly with the cannabinoid receptors themselves. It either helps other cannabinoids to be better absorbed or stops the effects of whatever makes the receptors work less effectively.

Because CBD’s effects are so indirect, scientists find it difficult to isolate its precise protocol. It seems that so far only the surface on Cannabidiol functioning has been discovered.

Hemp vs Marijuana: What’s the Difference?

Industrial hemp and marijuana come from the same plant, genus of plants, Cannabis. Genus refers to a sub-family of plants, meaning that Cannabis consists of various types of Cannabis within a family (genus).

The Different Growing Varieties of Cannabis

Cannabis-genus include 3 distinct species, i.e. Cannabis Savita, Cannabis Indica, and Cannabis Ruderalis. Sativa is the most common strain of cannabis. Cultivated throughout history for a number of purposes, it is used for the production of seed oil, food, hemp fibre, and even recreation.

Ruderalis is a species native to Russia. It blooms earlier and withstand harsher conditions than the other two. It also has a lower THC level than the other two. Indica was first originated in India and is shorter and bushier than Sativa.

Ruderalis typically has the lowest THC level, Sativa has a higher level of THC than CBD & Indica has a higher level of CBD than it has THC. During the course of history, many different strains have been develop from the original three.

The Power of Artificial Selection

Cannabis was for various reasons, so there are various different species with different properties and uses, depending on the reason for each strain’s existence.

Industrial hemp was cultivated from strains of Sativa to produce minimal levels of THC and are artificially selected taller and sturdier to enable effective use in producing of hemp oil, wax, resin, hemp seed food, animal feed, fuel, cloth, rope, and more.

Medical marijuana was cultivated specifically to maximize Cannabinoid concentration. Ruderalis is almost exclusively grown due to its very small quantities of THC.

Hemp vs Marijuana: So what’s really the Difference?

The biggest difference between industrial hemp and medical marijuana is that industrial hemp is mainly produced Sativa specifically bred to produce the lowest possible concentrations of THC.

Hemp-producing Cannabis has tall, fibrous stalks, are very strong and have very few flowering buds. Marijuana strains are short, bushy, and have high amounts of THC.

While marijuana is bred to maximize THC concentration, industrial hemp always has trace amounts of THC and high amounts of CBD. Industrial hemp’s chemical profile makes it therefore incapable of inducing intoxicating effects.

Industrial Hemp Supplements

Since industrial hemp is naturally rich in Cannabidiol many people turn to industrial hemp products as an alternative to medical marijuana, because contrary to medical marijuana, products made from industrial hemp is safe and legal. They are made according to federal standards and are produced in FDA-registered facilities within the US.

What’s the Difference between CBD Oil from Medical Marijuana and CBD Oil from Industrial Hemp Oil?

You can get Cannabidiol (CBD) products made from industrial hemp as well as medical marijuana. Medical marijuana can contain any level of THC whereas CBD products from industrial hemp contain negligible amounts. Is the Cannabidiol from industrial hemp the same as the CBD from medical marijuana?

Cannabidiol is Still Cannabidiol

Cannabidiol remains unchanged regardless of which plant produces it. The chemical structure remains the same.

What Goes into Cannabidiol Oil?

CBD and CBD oil are not in fact the same thing. Cannabidiol is a chemical compound while CBD hemp oil is a mixture of various natural substances of Cannabis.

Medical Marijuana vs. Industrial Hemp CBD Oil

The main point that Cannabidiol is always CBD, but CBD oil from hemp is not the same as the oil that is extracted from medical marijuana, which can contain any varying amount of THC. Therefore this type of CBD oil is listed a Schedule I drug and not legal in many states in the US and countries worldwide.

Industrial hemp is naturally high in Cannabidiol and contains only traces of THC. The hemp oil produced from it is safe and non-psychotropic.

So, if you are looking for a safe and legal CBD hemp oil product, CBD oil produced from industrial hemp is a great choice, because it’s naturally rich in CBD and has almost no THC.

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What Is The Endocannabinoid System?

What Is The Endocannabinoid System?

By Melissa Sherrard  

Whether our reasons have been medical, spiritual, or recreational, we've been using cannabis as a species for thousands of years. However, it wasn't until recently that we've started to understand how marijuana affects us in so many ways. Here we briefly describe what is known as the endogenous cannabinoid system (or endocannabinoid system) that is present in almost all vertebrates.

Discovered piece by piece since the 1960s, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) works to promote homeostasis, which in a biological sense is stable internal environment despite external fluctuations and circumstances. The ECS is composed of a huge network of receptors throughout much of the body (including the brain and other organs, connective tissues, glands, and the central and peripheral nervous systems) and even though these receptors do different things the aim of achieving homeostasis at every level of the body is always the same.

Blood stream 

The ECS does this through a vast system of receptors (the two most well-known are CB1 and CB2) on the surface of cell membranes throughout the body, endocannabinoids created by the body on demand (the two most-studied are anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), and metabolic enzymes called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) that break down cannabinoids once used. CB1 receptors are predominantly found in the central nervous system, glands, and organs while CB2 receptors are mainly found in tissues associated with the immune system. However, it's believed that the ECS has more receptors than any other system in the human body, and many tissues have both CB1 and CB2 receptors, each providing its own specific action depending on the site.

This account by no means describes all the known nuances of the ECS and the effects it has shown in many physiological functions. The identification of the ECS led us to understand that our bodies harbor a vast biological system made specifically for interactions with active chemical compounds ourselves (endocannabinoids) and similar compounds we find in cannabis plants (phytocannabinoids). To end, it's no secret that cannabis does unpredictable things to the human body, so there's no guarantee that activating one's ECS with marijuana will produce the desired effect, but as our understanding of the way various cannabis strains affect our ECS we can make use of them in the best way possible.

 

CBD Oil for Anxiety? New Proven Research

 

While we do not usually think about anxiety as a good thing, it's actually a vital adaptive response that can assist us cope with threats to our (or a liked one's) safety and well-being. These reactions help us recognize and avoid potential dangers; they can also help motivate us to do something about it to much better our situation (work harder, pay expenses, enhance relationships, and so on).

Nevertheless, when we do not handle these natural responses effectively, they can become maladaptive and impact our work and relationships. This can result in scientifically diagnosable anxiety-related disorders. We've all heard the stating, “tension kills.” It's true!

Anxiety-related conditions affect a huge segment of our population– 40 million grownups (18%) in the United States age 18 and older. In action, Big Pharma has developed various drugs to deal with anxiety-related disorders, from selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Prozac and Zoloft to tranquilizers (the most popular class being benzodiazepines such as Valium and Xanax).

While these drugs can be effective for numerous clients, some do not respond favorably. Specific patients do not see much enhancement, or they can't endure the negative effects. Additionally, tranquilizers like Valium and Xanax can be extremely addictive.

Plainly, alternative treatments are required.

Could cannabidiol (CBD), the most popular non-psychoactive constituent in cannabis, provide a viable alternative for currently offered anxiety medications?

Perhaps!

Recently, CBD has generated an incredible quantity of interest amongst consumers, clinicians, and researchers.

Why?

Not only does proof suggest CBD neutralizes a lot of THC's unfavorable results, but various animal studies and building up evidence from human speculative, clinical, and epidemiological research studies recommend CBD has powerful anti-anxiety homes.

Administered acutely (” as required”), it appears safe, well-tolerated, and might be helpful to treat a number of anxiety-related disorders, consisting of:

Panic disorder

Compulsive Compulsive Disorder (OCD).

Social phobia.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).

Mild to moderate depression.

How Does CBD Work for Anxiety?

CBD applies several actions in the brain that explain why it could be reliable in dealing with anxiety. Before we dive in, it's important to keep in mind that a lot of research study explaining how CBD works is preclinical and based on animal research studies.

As the stating goes, “mice are not men”– and, arises from animal studies do not constantly nicely transfer to human treatments. However, preclinical studies supply insights that move us in the right direction:.

5-HT1A agonist: 5-HT1A is a subtype of the serotonin receptor, which is important since stress and anxiety and depression can in some cases be treated with medications that target the serotonin system.

This is why drug companies developed selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Prozac and Zoloft. SSRIs work by blocking reabsorption of serotonin in the brain, which increases accessibility of serotonin in the synaptic area. This assists brain cells transfer more serotonin signals, which can decrease anxiety and boost state of mind in certain cases (although the full biological basis for this is more complex and not completely comprehended).

Just like SSRIs, CBD might improve signaling through serotonin receptors. In an animal research study, Spanish researchers discovered that CBD improves 5-HT1A transmission and might affect serotonin faster than SSRIs. Scientist kept in mind:.

” The fast start of antidepressant action of CBD and the simultaneous anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) result would fix a few of the main restrictions of current antidepressant treatments.”.

Hippocampal neurogenesis: The hippocampus is a major brain location, and plays a crucial function in a variety of brain functions. It's most well-known for its function in memory development and cognition. Brain scans of clients experiencing depression or anxiety frequently show a smaller sized hippocampus, and successful treatment of anxiety is connected with the birth of new nerve cells (neurogenesis) in the hippocampus.

An animal research study utilizing mice found duplicated administration of CBD might help the hippocampus regrow nerve cells, which might be helpful for dealing with anxiety or depression. Research study reveals both SSRIs and CBD may promote neurogenesis.

This is significant, since evidence suggests that seriously impaired neuronal plasticity might affect self-destructive behavior. Future research comparing CBD and SSRIs effect on neurogenesis might open promising new avenues in how we comprehend anxiety and how to many effectively treat it.

How Can CBD Help Anxiety?

Building on the foundation of animal studies, human research studies are beginning to provide evidence to show that CBD can improve numerous commonly reported anxiety-disorder signs, including acute stress and stress and anxiety.

Human Studies Show How CBD Reduces Anxiety.

Brazilian scientists performed a little double-blind study of clients affected with generalized social stress and anxiety. After consuming CBD, participants reported a significant decrease in anxiety. Researchers verified patients' subjective reports by carrying out brain scans revealing cerebral blood circulation patterns consistent with an anti-anxiety impact.

In another small research study, researchers had patients suffering from Social Anxiety Disorder perform a simulated public speaking test. Individuals reported significantly less anxiety, findings supported by unbiased anxiety indicators like heart rate and high blood pressure.

Researchers concluded,” [CBD] significantly lowered anxiety, cognitive impairment, and pain in their speech performance,” whereas the placebo group experienced “higher anxiety, cognitive disability, [and] discomfort.”.

Last Thoughts.

Evidence from animal research studies have started to characterize the information of how CBD acts in the brain, and human research studies of clients with and without stress and anxiety conditions are starting to validate CBD's effectiveness as an anti-anxiety treatment. Provided the big social and financial expenses of stress and anxiety disorders in the United States, CBD has the potential to play a substantial function in treating a myriad of anxiety-related conditions.

While more research, including big randomized-control trials (RCTs), is plainly warranted to analyze the long-lasting results and possible for CBD, its shown efficacy and highly favorable security profile (especially when compared to currently readily available drugs) make it a practical option or adjunct to presently offered pharmaceuticals.

References

Zlebnik NE, Cheer JF. Beyond the CB1 Receptor: Is Cannabidiol the Answer for Disorders of Motivation?. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2016;39:1-17. PDF

Blessing EM, Steenkamp MM, Manzanares J, Marmar CR. Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015;12(4):825-36. PDF

Malberg JE, Eisch AJ, Nestler EJ, Duman RS. Chronic antidepressant treatment increases neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus. J Neurosci. 2000;20(24):9104-10. PDF

 

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